Module 21:: Summarize Freud's Conception of the Unconscious
Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud believes that personality comes from our conflicting psychological forces that operate our awareness. There are three different levels of awareness: the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious. The conscious mind consists of everything that we are aware of. We are using our conscious mind for everyday problem solving. Part of our memory is stored here. The part that isn't is easily retrieved from the conscious mind.
The preconsious mind is the part of the mind that is ordinary memory. Everything that we see and remember is stored here even though we may not realize it. We can pull information from here at any time and pull it into our consciousness.
The unconscious mind is a place where feelings, thoughts and urges are kept outside of our awareness. Most of the thoughts kept here are unpleasant. Freud says that the unconscious influences what we think and do in our everyday activities. Freud displays these three levels of mind in an iceberg. The top of the iceberg is the conscious mind. The part that is submerged but is still visible is the preconscious and the big part of the iceberg under the water is the unconscious. The id, ego and superego come from the amount of psychological energy we have.
The preconsious mind is the part of the mind that is ordinary memory. Everything that we see and remember is stored here even though we may not realize it. We can pull information from here at any time and pull it into our consciousness.
The unconscious mind is a place where feelings, thoughts and urges are kept outside of our awareness. Most of the thoughts kept here are unpleasant. Freud says that the unconscious influences what we think and do in our everyday activities. Freud displays these three levels of mind in an iceberg. The top of the iceberg is the conscious mind. The part that is submerged but is still visible is the preconscious and the big part of the iceberg under the water is the unconscious. The id, ego and superego come from the amount of psychological energy we have.
![Picture](/uploads/4/6/8/4/46843081/5182709_orig.png)
Artifact 1: One of the first days of my third grade year I was walking down the hall not thinking and I walked into my 2nd grade classroom (which was very embarrassing). You could say that this was just a silly mistake but it may have been more than that. The forces outside of my awareness could have been directing my behavior. I could have done this because of a feeling I was having about the previous year in the 2nd grade.
Artifact 2: Many salesmen use tricks to sell products by taping into the unconscious. They can find out what the consumer is really after and provide that for them. This video will help explain this in more depth.
Module 22:: Describe the Structure of Personality as Freud Views it (Id, Ego, Superego), his Concept of Defense, and his Theory of Development.
One of Sigmund Freud's most famous ideas is that humans have more than one personality. He categorized these personalities into three parts: the id, ego and superego. These states happen at different points in our lifetime. The first category id is the instinct part of of our personality. This contains the inherited components including, the sex instinct, Eros and aggressive instinct. Our id is buried in our sub conscious (take a look at the iceberg diagram in the module above.) The id strives to be satisfied, when it is satisfied we experience pleasures. This is called the pleasure principle. The instinct part of our personality really shines through as a newborn and later as the ego and super-ego. The ego is a mediate between the id and the external real world. This is where all of our decision making takes place. Here is where we work out ways to satisfy the id's demands. Social realities, etiquette, and rules, are some of the things that are stored in the ego. The ego also strives for pleasure but it takes a realistic path to get the pleasure. The ego cannot discriminate between right or wrong. To ego something is good if it is satisfying and it is harmful if it does not. The last category is the super-ego, it contains the values and morals of society which are learned from observation. This stage develops at around the age of three or five. The super-ego is divided up into two systems: the conscious and the ideal self. The conscience punishes the ego by causing guilt. The ideal self is an imaginary picture of how you want things to turn out. The super-ego can make us behave properly and make us feel proud.
When the ego cannot deal with the demands from the id and the super-ego anxiety kicks in. This is considered a signal that indicates something is wrong. There are three different types of anxiety. One type is Neurotic anxiety this the worry that we will lose control of our urges and lash out. Reality anxiety is the fear of real-world events. People with this problem simply avoid the threatening object. Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own morals. Ways to defend ourselves from these thing are called defense mechanisms.Defense mechanisms are ways we protect ourselves from things that are not pleasing. Some defense mechanisms include: rationalization, denial, repression, projection, rejection, reaction formation, and to forget things. These methods can be unhealthy but they can also help us deal with our problems.
Sigmund Freud also discovered that childhood takes place in a series of stages. These stages are called psychosexual stages because they represent a fixation on a libido of the body. The areas of the body that a human is fixated on is called an erogenous zone. Freud says that this pleasure is from the build up of sexual energy and its discharge. The id demands satisfaction from the erogenous zones. Each stage of development must overcome a conflict before moving to the next stage. Fixation on a certain stage is possible. This can lead to problems later on in development. The first stage is Oral which focuses on the mouth and sucking. This stage is in the ego development. The second stage is anal which involves expelling of feces, this stage is also in the ego development. The third stage is the phallic stage which focuses on the penis or clitoris and masturbation. The phallic stage starts at age three and ends at age six. During this stage jealousy sets in this is called this the Opedipus complex for boys and Electra complex for girls, this means that the child is jealous of the same sex parent and wants them gone. The males get castration anxiety which is the fear that his mother will cut off his penis. The girl is envious of her father because he has a penis and she doesn't. So she wants to be a male. (bizarre right?) This stage is the first of the super-ego development. The fourth stage is Latent which has little or no libido, and is also in the super-ego stage. This stage starts at the age of five and goes until puberty. Here children focus on school, sports, and same sex friends. The last stage is the genital stage which focuses on the penis or vagina. The Genital stages starts at puberty and ends at adult hood.
When the ego cannot deal with the demands from the id and the super-ego anxiety kicks in. This is considered a signal that indicates something is wrong. There are three different types of anxiety. One type is Neurotic anxiety this the worry that we will lose control of our urges and lash out. Reality anxiety is the fear of real-world events. People with this problem simply avoid the threatening object. Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own morals. Ways to defend ourselves from these thing are called defense mechanisms.Defense mechanisms are ways we protect ourselves from things that are not pleasing. Some defense mechanisms include: rationalization, denial, repression, projection, rejection, reaction formation, and to forget things. These methods can be unhealthy but they can also help us deal with our problems.
Sigmund Freud also discovered that childhood takes place in a series of stages. These stages are called psychosexual stages because they represent a fixation on a libido of the body. The areas of the body that a human is fixated on is called an erogenous zone. Freud says that this pleasure is from the build up of sexual energy and its discharge. The id demands satisfaction from the erogenous zones. Each stage of development must overcome a conflict before moving to the next stage. Fixation on a certain stage is possible. This can lead to problems later on in development. The first stage is Oral which focuses on the mouth and sucking. This stage is in the ego development. The second stage is anal which involves expelling of feces, this stage is also in the ego development. The third stage is the phallic stage which focuses on the penis or clitoris and masturbation. The phallic stage starts at age three and ends at age six. During this stage jealousy sets in this is called this the Opedipus complex for boys and Electra complex for girls, this means that the child is jealous of the same sex parent and wants them gone. The males get castration anxiety which is the fear that his mother will cut off his penis. The girl is envious of her father because he has a penis and she doesn't. So she wants to be a male. (bizarre right?) This stage is the first of the super-ego development. The fourth stage is Latent which has little or no libido, and is also in the super-ego stage. This stage starts at the age of five and goes until puberty. Here children focus on school, sports, and same sex friends. The last stage is the genital stage which focuses on the penis or vagina. The Genital stages starts at puberty and ends at adult hood.
Artifact 1: In my Child Development class I get to take home a baby. It cries when it is hungry or needs to be changed. Obviously real babies behave in these are instincts that are controlled by the id. I had the cutest outfit on the other day but I knew I needed my mom's necklace to really pull of the look, I knew she would be missing it if I took it without asking, so I asked my mom if I could take it. This is an instance where ego comes into play. A few days ago a person in front of me in the hall dropped her pencil, I knew that I had forgotten my pencil in the class before and I was going to need one for my following class. I know that stealing isn't right so I picked up the pencil and gave it back to the girl. This is an example of when my morals shine through. The morals are stored in the super ego.
|
Artifact 2: Here are some clips of characters in movies using defense mechanisms. Like in the Note Book and Freaky Friday they use some denial.
Resources: http://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html
http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/defensemech.htm
http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/defensemech_2.htm
http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.html
http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/defensemech.htm
http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/defensemech_2.htm
http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.html
Module 23: Define Rogers' Actualizing Tendency.
Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist in the 1900s. He developed a theory that states the importance of actualizing tendency. Which basically means shaping human personalities. He believed that when a humans environment or subject of reality changes then overtime a person will get feedback from this field of reality. He believes that if a person is raised in an environment where they have a chance to find themselves then they will. But, if a person is raised in an environment with strict boundaries and everyone is telling them what to do all the time then they will have a harder time trying to discover themselves. The gap between the real self and ideal self is called incongruence.
Here are some different ways Roger thinks will help achieve the good life:
1. Be open to new things.
2. Live life to the fullest
3. trust your own judgement
4. Free yourself
5. Be creative and don't conform to society.
1. Be open to new things.
2. Live life to the fullest
3. trust your own judgement
4. Free yourself
5. Be creative and don't conform to society.
![Picture](/uploads/4/6/8/4/46843081/4292485_orig.jpg)
Artifact 1: One way I avoided conforming was sitting with someone at lunch who was sitting alone. I did this because if that was me I would want someone to sit by me and keep me company. I didn't hold back because of any pure pressure or temptations.
|
Artifact 2: Here is a cartoon of a boy that comes out of his shell and decides to be different. Instead of drawing the same picture as everyone else he chooses to draw something different.
|
Module 24:: Describe the Development of Congruence and Incongruence
![Picture](/uploads/4/6/8/4/46843081/5017675_orig.jpg)
Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who had the idea that for a person to achieve self-actualization they must be in a state of congruence. Congruence means to be the ¨ideal self¨ which is congruent to their actual behavior. Rogers says that a person becoming self-actualized is a child hood experience. When a person becomes self-actualized they will achieve their life goals. You are congruent if your self-image is similar to your ideal-self. You are incongruent if your self-image is far form your ideal-self. Self-actualisation is much easier when you are congruent with your ideal-self. Most people experience amounts of incongruence. Rogers states that we all want to be our ideal-self, and to get to that we must be positive. As we strive to be our ideal-self we may use defense mechanisms to protect ourselves from things getting in our way of happiness. A person who is incongruent will use many defense mechanisms to defend themselves.
¨I have gradually come to one negative conclusion about the good life. It seems to me that the good life is not any fixed state. It is not in my estimation, a state of virtue, or contentment, or nirvana, or happiness. It is not a condition in which the individual is adjusted or fulfilled or actualized. To use psychological terms, it is not a state of drive reduction or tension-reduction or homeostasis¨ (Rogers, 1967, p. 185-186)
¨I have gradually come to one negative conclusion about the good life. It seems to me that the good life is not any fixed state. It is not in my estimation, a state of virtue, or contentment, or nirvana, or happiness. It is not a condition in which the individual is adjusted or fulfilled or actualized. To use psychological terms, it is not a state of drive reduction or tension-reduction or homeostasis¨ (Rogers, 1967, p. 185-186)
Artifact 1: In school we do a lot of tests to find out what we are interested in. This is to help us find a career that we want to pursue. I have also taken personality tests that try to help emphasize who I am and also highlight my interests. Below is a fun personality quiz to help you become more congruent with yourself.
http://quizrocket.com/fun-personality-quiz
http://quizrocket.com/fun-personality-quiz
|
Artifact 2: Here is a clip that shows a girl realizing that she wants more in a relationship and she is becoming more congruent with herself.
|
Module 25:: Describe the Therapeutic Concepts of Therapeutic Neutrality, Free Association, Interpretation, and Transference.
Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis is a therapy that releases emotions and makes the unconscious conscious. It is a very popular method used to treat depression.
Free association, interpretation, and transference are some of the techniques psychoanalysts use to develop an insight to the persons behavior. Free association is when a just rants about what ever is on their mind. The therapist reads a list of people, objects, places, or ideas and the patient responds with the first thing they think of. The therapist does this to bring out certain memories. The therapist knows this technique is working when the client hesitates answering a question, they know then that they are getting close to an important repressed idea.
Interpretation is an intervention that analyses and drives change in a state of crisis. Interpretation tires to clarify the hidden meaning of something. Therapists clarify the hidden meaning by talking about a certain subject. This process also involves transforming unconscious into conscious, this is done by interpreting defense.
The transference route is taken when working with a depressed client and they are overwhelmed and need to be dependent on others. These patients might be inactive in the session. They might find it hard to keep a dependent transference relationship with the analyst.
Free association, interpretation, and transference are some of the techniques psychoanalysts use to develop an insight to the persons behavior. Free association is when a just rants about what ever is on their mind. The therapist reads a list of people, objects, places, or ideas and the patient responds with the first thing they think of. The therapist does this to bring out certain memories. The therapist knows this technique is working when the client hesitates answering a question, they know then that they are getting close to an important repressed idea.
Interpretation is an intervention that analyses and drives change in a state of crisis. Interpretation tires to clarify the hidden meaning of something. Therapists clarify the hidden meaning by talking about a certain subject. This process also involves transforming unconscious into conscious, this is done by interpreting defense.
The transference route is taken when working with a depressed client and they are overwhelmed and need to be dependent on others. These patients might be inactive in the session. They might find it hard to keep a dependent transference relationship with the analyst.
Resources: http://www.psychomedia.it/jep/number5/pancheri.htm
http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html
http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html
Module 26:: Summarize the Difference Between a Non-Directive and Directive Therapy and Explain why Rogers' Approach is Non-Directive
Carl Rogers introduced a type of therapy called non-directivity, or client-centered therapy, in the early 1900s. Many techniques before the non-directive method were based on giving advise to a client. Rogers proposed that therapists should rely less on the judgmental side and focus more on being the best expert on what they do. He believes that people are there best experts. In a therapeutic relationship the client feels valued and they will open up and get things off their mind and seek resolution. This is a non-directive method because they are tracking the client not telling the client exactly what to do. The therapist never chooses the direction, it is always lead by the client.
Directive therapy is the complete opposite. Directive therapy is when the therapist leads the process. The therapist gives the client instruction, asks questions, and assigns homework.
Directive therapy is the complete opposite. Directive therapy is when the therapist leads the process. The therapist gives the client instruction, asks questions, and assigns homework.
This is how Roger explains the non-directive approach-
"Unconditional positive regard means that when the therapist is experiencing a positive, acceptant attitude toward whatever the client is at that moment, therapeutic movement or change is more likely. It involves the therapist's willingness for the client to be whatever feeling is going on at that moment - confusion, resentment, fear, anger, courage, love, or pride…The therapist prizes the client in a total rather than a conditional way."
"Unconditional positive regard means that when the therapist is experiencing a positive, acceptant attitude toward whatever the client is at that moment, therapeutic movement or change is more likely. It involves the therapist's willingness for the client to be whatever feeling is going on at that moment - confusion, resentment, fear, anger, courage, love, or pride…The therapist prizes the client in a total rather than a conditional way."
Artifact 1: An example of a type of non-directive therapy would be when a friend talks about something that is bothering them. One of my friends has some problems with one of her other friends. She sits down with me occasionally and I guide her while she rants about some of her problems. This is non-directive because I am not questioning her she is just talking about it while I sit and listen.
|
|
Artifact 2: This cute video shows an example of non-directive play therapy. Non-directive play therapy is a form of play that therapists are trained to trust a child and that child must direct their own process that has their own twist in it. We are able to see the child work through any challenges they face.
|
Resources: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/what-doesnt-kill-us/201408/what-is-non-directive-therapy
http://psychology.about.com/od/typesofpsychotherapy/a/client-centered-therapy.htm
http://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/non-directive-play-therapy/
http://psychology.about.com/od/typesofpsychotherapy/a/client-centered-therapy.htm
http://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/non-directive-play-therapy/
Module 27:: Describe the Attitude of the Client-centered Therapist (Congruence, Empathy, and Unconditional Positive Regard)
Carl Rogers proposed that therapy could be more optimistic and clients would be better off if they were encouraged to focus on a main subject rather than an unconscious motive. Rogers believed that for a client to improve they should have warm understanding care. Rogers did not agree with behaviorism. ¨As no one else can know how we perceive, we are the best experts on ourselves.¨ (Gross, 1992) Rogers found that people with strong emotional problems can be very self-healing. Rogers encouraged clients to ask themselves questions that refer to themselves. Client-centered therapy sets a comfortable mood for the client, they feel like they are in control and they feel like they can go their own pace.
People who are in a state of incongruece benefit from client-based therapy. The therapists role is to make the client congruent. A person is said to be congruent if they are happy with how their actual-self and ideal-self line up. People who are incongruent benefit greatly with this type of therapy. Rogers also says that everyone would benefit from this therapy because many people experience incongruence in their life.
Empathy is understanding the clients emotions without being sympathetic. It is very important for a therapist to know what a client is feeling. This may effect how they communicate. This is what Rogers has to say about empathetic understanding:
"If I am truly open to the way life is experienced by another person... if I can take his or her world into mine, then I risk seeing life in his or her way...and of being changed myself, and we all resist change. Since we all resist change, we tend to view the other person's world only in our terms, not in his or hers. Then we analyze and evaluate it. We do not understand their world. But, when the therapist does understand how it truly feels to be in another person's world, without wanting or trying to analyze or judge it, then the therapist and the client can truly blossom and grow in that climate.¨ (Rogers, 1975)
Rogers believed that for people grow and fulfill their potential they need to be happy with themselves. A therapist has an attitude of ¨I'll accept you as you are.¨ The therapist is careful to maintain a positive attitude while dealing with clients. The more the therapist cares for the client the stronger the relationship gets and a connection is made.
People who are in a state of incongruece benefit from client-based therapy. The therapists role is to make the client congruent. A person is said to be congruent if they are happy with how their actual-self and ideal-self line up. People who are incongruent benefit greatly with this type of therapy. Rogers also says that everyone would benefit from this therapy because many people experience incongruence in their life.
Empathy is understanding the clients emotions without being sympathetic. It is very important for a therapist to know what a client is feeling. This may effect how they communicate. This is what Rogers has to say about empathetic understanding:
"If I am truly open to the way life is experienced by another person... if I can take his or her world into mine, then I risk seeing life in his or her way...and of being changed myself, and we all resist change. Since we all resist change, we tend to view the other person's world only in our terms, not in his or hers. Then we analyze and evaluate it. We do not understand their world. But, when the therapist does understand how it truly feels to be in another person's world, without wanting or trying to analyze or judge it, then the therapist and the client can truly blossom and grow in that climate.¨ (Rogers, 1975)
Rogers believed that for people grow and fulfill their potential they need to be happy with themselves. A therapist has an attitude of ¨I'll accept you as you are.¨ The therapist is careful to maintain a positive attitude while dealing with clients. The more the therapist cares for the client the stronger the relationship gets and a connection is made.
|
Artifact 2: This video shows an example of how someone can show empathy when someone is having a hard time. This boys is able to help another boy on is feet after a terrible event. (haha)
|
Module 28:: Distinguish Between the Various Definitional and Theoretical Models of Abnormal Behavior
There are many different views on what the definition of abnormal is. The different views I found are the medical perspective, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, the cognitive perspective, and the social-cultural perspective.
Medical perspective- For those who believe in a medical perspective think that biological and psychological factors as a cause of abnormal behavior. They diagnose these abnormalities and call them mental illnesses. Drugs are prescribed more frequently than psychological investigations.
Psychodynamic perspective- This perspective is an alternative to the medical side. This perspective evolves from Sigmund Freud. They say that psychological disorders are the cause of anxiety that is produced by unconscious dilemmas. The treatment is identification and resolution.
Behavioral perspective- People say that abnormalities are the result from faulty or ineffective learning and conditioning. The treatment aims to change disordered behavior and used learning procedures to teach better responses.
Cognitive perspective- The people who believe this perspective believe that abnormal behavior is a particular thought or behavior that is based upon a false assumption. The treatment for this is helping the client develop a new thought process and new values.
The social-cultural perspective- Abnormal behavior is learned from environmental factors. Things that can alter behavior are cultural factors and social media factors. For example our culture tells us that females should be skinny. this can create anorexia, and bulimia.
Medical perspective- For those who believe in a medical perspective think that biological and psychological factors as a cause of abnormal behavior. They diagnose these abnormalities and call them mental illnesses. Drugs are prescribed more frequently than psychological investigations.
Psychodynamic perspective- This perspective is an alternative to the medical side. This perspective evolves from Sigmund Freud. They say that psychological disorders are the cause of anxiety that is produced by unconscious dilemmas. The treatment is identification and resolution.
Behavioral perspective- People say that abnormalities are the result from faulty or ineffective learning and conditioning. The treatment aims to change disordered behavior and used learning procedures to teach better responses.
Cognitive perspective- The people who believe this perspective believe that abnormal behavior is a particular thought or behavior that is based upon a false assumption. The treatment for this is helping the client develop a new thought process and new values.
The social-cultural perspective- Abnormal behavior is learned from environmental factors. Things that can alter behavior are cultural factors and social media factors. For example our culture tells us that females should be skinny. this can create anorexia, and bulimia.
![Picture](/uploads/4/6/8/4/46843081/6228041.jpg?201)
Artifact 1: A real life example of a social-cultural abnormality is anorexia. I did a research paper on beauty pageants not to long ago. I found some information about how many girls in beauty pageants suffer from anorexia because they focus so hard on being skinny, even though that may not be healthy for their body types. The media classifies a women to be beautiful if she is skinny the pageant girls do whatever it takes to be skinny and this can lead to anorexia.
|
Artifact 2: This video give many examples and also gives strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. This video compares learning approach, conditioning approach, and social approach.
|
Module 29:: Describe the Diagnostic Techniques used by Psychologists.
When using diagnostic techniques we are able to better understand a person's behavior. The process starts by determining the root of a problem, then looking at personality, IQ and other components. This process helps a person's strengths and weaknesses. Diagnostic techniques also measure where an individual is at one point in time. There are many different techniques that test different things.
The psychological route is a formal assessment preformed by a psychologist. This technique can last from 1 hour - 1 day. The testing is done in an office and recorded by paper-and-pencil. The testing is broken up into four different sections the clinical interview, the IQ test, the personality assessment, and behavioral assessment.
The clinical interview lasts for about 2 hours, it occurs in the office and many types of health professionals conduct a clinical interview. This is when the interviewer collects background information, and asks questions about stages of life. The questions help form a diagnostic impression.
The IQ test measures general intelligence. There are two intelligence assessments. The intelligence tests are more common than the neuropsycholgocial assessment. The intelligence test takes up to 2 days to take. This test can determine cognitive strength ad deficits of the person. The Neuropsycholgical test is done with people with brain damage, or people with brain hemorrhages. The IQ test takes about an hour to take and is an important test for anyone over 16 to take. The verbal comprehension scale tests over similarities, vocabulary, information, and comprehension. The perceptual Reasoning Scale tests over block design, matrix reasoning, visual puzzles, and figuring weights. The working memory scale tests digit span, arithmetic, and supplemental sub-test. The processing speed scale tests over symbol search, coding, and cancellation. It is important to know that the online IQ tests are not real IQ tests like the ones given by a psychologist.
The psychological route is a formal assessment preformed by a psychologist. This technique can last from 1 hour - 1 day. The testing is done in an office and recorded by paper-and-pencil. The testing is broken up into four different sections the clinical interview, the IQ test, the personality assessment, and behavioral assessment.
The clinical interview lasts for about 2 hours, it occurs in the office and many types of health professionals conduct a clinical interview. This is when the interviewer collects background information, and asks questions about stages of life. The questions help form a diagnostic impression.
The IQ test measures general intelligence. There are two intelligence assessments. The intelligence tests are more common than the neuropsycholgocial assessment. The intelligence test takes up to 2 days to take. This test can determine cognitive strength ad deficits of the person. The Neuropsycholgical test is done with people with brain damage, or people with brain hemorrhages. The IQ test takes about an hour to take and is an important test for anyone over 16 to take. The verbal comprehension scale tests over similarities, vocabulary, information, and comprehension. The perceptual Reasoning Scale tests over block design, matrix reasoning, visual puzzles, and figuring weights. The working memory scale tests digit span, arithmetic, and supplemental sub-test. The processing speed scale tests over symbol search, coding, and cancellation. It is important to know that the online IQ tests are not real IQ tests like the ones given by a psychologist.
|
Artifact 1: This is an example of a diagnostic technique. The man is just guiding her to tell about her problems. He asks her different questions to get information. He diagnosed the girl with schizophrenia.
|
Artifact 2: This is a funny video that shows a few examples of IQ questions a psychologist would ask. Even though this isn't a real psychologist it gives you an idea of some of the tasks that are asked to be performed.
|
|
Module 30:: Describe the Symptoms and Possible Causes for the Following Disorders: Phobic Disorders, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Somatoform Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, Schizophrenic Disorders, and Mood Disorders.
Phobic Disorders: Phobic disorders are irrational fears and avoidance of situations or objects that induce fears. Some signs and symptoms of phobic disorders are depression, suicidal thoughts, caffeine intake, alcoholism, substance abuse, social anxiety, irrational fear or avoidance of objects, and intense anxiety. Some signs are elevated hear rate, tremors, diarrhea, sweating, dyspnea, and dizziness. The causes of phobic disorders are combination of environmental and genetic factors. Phobias do run in families so if you have someone in your family with a phobic disorder you could be more vulnerable to the condition. Some examples are anxiety, social phobias, agoraphobia which is the fear of being in public places, and other phobias like fear of snakes, and tight spaces.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Generalized anxiety disorder is an ongoing anxiety and worry that interferes with every day activities. Some symptoms are worrying or obsession about concerns, inability to let go of a worry, inability to relax, difficulty concentrating,worrying about worrying, very distressed and difficulty handling indecisiveness. Some physical signs are fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, trembling, and headaches. The cause of this is not fully understood, but it could be genetics or environmental factors.
Panic Disorder: Panic disorder is the sudden, and repeated attacks of fear that last for several minutes. Some symptoms are repeated attacks of fear, a feeling of being out of control, an intense worry about another attack, and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past. Some physical symptoms are pounding heart, sweating, breathing problems, dizziness, and hot ad hold chills. The cause of the disorder is genetics. Researchers have found that parts of he brain are involved with fear and anxiety, and in some people this over reacts.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is thoughts and fears that lead you to do repetitive behaviors. Some symptoms of OCD are fear of contamination, need to have things in order, aggressive thoughts about harming yourself. People with OCD often have themes, like counting, washing, checking, and following a strict routine. The cause of OCD is a change in your body's natural brain function. Some environmental factors may trigger OCD.
Somatoform: Somatoform is a pain disorder that disrupts a person's everyday life. The pain feels physical but no physical cause is found. The symptoms of this are chronic pain that lasts for months, stress, and worry. The cause somatoform is common in people with a history of physical or sexual abuse. Emotional factors may play a role.
Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative disorder is an escape from reality that is a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory. Some symptoms are memory loss, out-of-body experiences, mental health problems, detachment from emotion, and lack of self-identity. The cause of this disorder is a way of dealing with trauma. This disorder often appears in children that have been physically, sexually, and emotionally abused.
Schizophrenic Disorders: Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disabling disorder. People with this disorder hear voices other people don't hear. They also may believe people are reading their minds, hallucinations, and delusions. The cause of schizophrenia is genetics, it is known to run in the family. It can also be an imbalance in complex chemical reactions. This disease only affects about 1% of the world population.
Mood Disorders: Mood disorders are forms of major depression. Some symptoms are feeling hopeless, or helpless, trouble sleeping, poor appetite, fatigue, low self-esteem, or trouble making decisions. The cause of mood disorders are linked to chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, that regulate moods.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Generalized anxiety disorder is an ongoing anxiety and worry that interferes with every day activities. Some symptoms are worrying or obsession about concerns, inability to let go of a worry, inability to relax, difficulty concentrating,worrying about worrying, very distressed and difficulty handling indecisiveness. Some physical signs are fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, trembling, and headaches. The cause of this is not fully understood, but it could be genetics or environmental factors.
Panic Disorder: Panic disorder is the sudden, and repeated attacks of fear that last for several minutes. Some symptoms are repeated attacks of fear, a feeling of being out of control, an intense worry about another attack, and avoidance of places where attacks have occurred in the past. Some physical symptoms are pounding heart, sweating, breathing problems, dizziness, and hot ad hold chills. The cause of the disorder is genetics. Researchers have found that parts of he brain are involved with fear and anxiety, and in some people this over reacts.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is thoughts and fears that lead you to do repetitive behaviors. Some symptoms of OCD are fear of contamination, need to have things in order, aggressive thoughts about harming yourself. People with OCD often have themes, like counting, washing, checking, and following a strict routine. The cause of OCD is a change in your body's natural brain function. Some environmental factors may trigger OCD.
Somatoform: Somatoform is a pain disorder that disrupts a person's everyday life. The pain feels physical but no physical cause is found. The symptoms of this are chronic pain that lasts for months, stress, and worry. The cause somatoform is common in people with a history of physical or sexual abuse. Emotional factors may play a role.
Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative disorder is an escape from reality that is a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory. Some symptoms are memory loss, out-of-body experiences, mental health problems, detachment from emotion, and lack of self-identity. The cause of this disorder is a way of dealing with trauma. This disorder often appears in children that have been physically, sexually, and emotionally abused.
Schizophrenic Disorders: Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disabling disorder. People with this disorder hear voices other people don't hear. They also may believe people are reading their minds, hallucinations, and delusions. The cause of schizophrenia is genetics, it is known to run in the family. It can also be an imbalance in complex chemical reactions. This disease only affects about 1% of the world population.
Mood Disorders: Mood disorders are forms of major depression. Some symptoms are feeling hopeless, or helpless, trouble sleeping, poor appetite, fatigue, low self-esteem, or trouble making decisions. The cause of mood disorders are linked to chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, that regulate moods.
|
Artifact 1: This is a video of a little girl who has early stages of schizophrenia. This really opened my eyes to how serious this disorder is.
|
Artifact 2: This is a clip from an episode of My Extreme Animal Phobia. This clip is a video of a man who has a phobia of pit bulls. This phobia started when he was a little boy and a pit bull attacked his neighbor. Ever since then he has been deathly afraid of pit bulls. The lady in the clip is trying to help him get over his fear very slowly.
|
|
Resources:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-overview http://www.healthcommunities.com/phobias/what-are-phobic-disorders.shtml
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/basics/symptoms/con-20024562
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000922.htm
https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions/Dissociative-Disorders
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ocd/basics/causes/con-20027827
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/conditions/mood-disorders
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/basics/symptoms/con-20024562
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000922.htm
https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions/Dissociative-Disorders
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ocd/basics/causes/con-20027827
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/conditions/mood-disorders